Control Flow

Control flow allows you to decide how the code executes: you can branch into different paths or repeat code with loops. Kaori provides several control flow mechanisms to help you write expressive and efficient code.

If Statements

An if statement runs a block of code only if its condition is true. You can chain multiple conditions using else if and provide a fallback with else.

fun main() {
    if 10 > 5 {
        print("10 is bigger");
    } else if 2 < 3 {
        print("2 is smaller");
    } else {
        print("all the other branches condition were false");
    }
}

The condition must evaluate to a boolean value. You can use comparison operators (>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=) and logical operators (and, or, not) to build complex conditions.

While Loops

A while loop runs a block of code repeatedly as long as the condition remains true. The condition is checked before each iteration.

fun main() {
    i := 0;

    while i < 3 {
        print(i);
        i += 1;
    }
}

For Loops

A for loop provides a more compact way to write loops with variable initialization, condition, and increment logic.

fun main() {
    for i := 0; i < 3; i += 1 {
        print(i);
    }
}

The variable declared in the for loop is scoped to the loop body and cannot be accessed outside of it.

Nested Loops

Loops can be nested, which is useful for iterating over multiple dimensions or working with matrices and grids.

fun main() {
    for x := 0; x < 2; x += 1 {
        for y := 0; y < 2; y += 1 {
            print(x + y);
        }
    }
}

Break Statement

The break statement immediately exits the innermost loop, skipping any remaining iterations. This is useful when you want to stop a loop early based on a condition.

fun main() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 {
        if i == 5 {
            break;  // Exit the loop when i equals 5
        }
        print(i);
    }
    print("Loop finished");
}

In nested loops, break only exits the innermost loop:

fun main() {
    for x := 0; x < 3; x += 1 {
        for y := 0; y < 3; y += 1 {
            if y == 2 {
                break;  // Only exits the inner loop
            }
            print(x + y);
        }
    }
}

Continue Statement

The continue statement skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next iteration of the loop. This is useful when you want to skip specific cases without exiting the entire loop.

fun main() {
    for i := 0; i < 5; i += 1 {
        if i == 2 {
            continue;  // Skip printing when i equals 2
        }
        print(i);
    }
}

You can use continue to filter out unwanted iterations:

fun main() {
    // Print only even numbers
    for i := 0; i < 10; i += 1 {
        if i % 2 != 0 {
            continue;  // Skip odd numbers
        }
        print(i);
    }
}